1. What are the responsibilities of a functional consultant in an implementation project?
a) Responsibilities in implementation project
- Preparing the functional specification documents.
- Review and approval of functional specifications.
- Designing a road map and setting approval from client.
- Changing existing configuration whenever needed.
- Setting up configuration for new enhancements.
- Handling basic issues of MM module.
b) Responsibilities in support project
- Handling customization, configuration, and enhancement related issues
- Handling tickets on Day to Day basis
- Monitoring S&D reports on daily basis required by clients
- Preparing functional specification documents
- Preparing end user training Documents
2. What are the responsibilities of a technical consultant in an implementation project?
Preparation of technical specifications, getting approvals from functional consultant and PM, assistance to functional consultant.
3.What is ERP and SAP? and why implementing SAP in an organization? Explain the special features of SAP over other ERPs?
SAP is an ERP package. SAP can be fit it any language. It is used to get exact data with a fraction of section which will be use fully for management to take correct decision in a short span of time. Using of sap means there is no need to maintain the
middle management in the organization because the CEO of the company is able to direct the executives directly with the system. SAP is able to integrate all functional organizational units together and retrieve exact data needed by management. Therefore, investing on middle management will become less. and the user will be able to access instance reports using the logistic information systems in SAP.
4.Explain the business flow of an implementation project?
- Project preparation
- Business blue prints
- Fit gap analysis
- Realization
- Go-live
- Support
5. Explain briefly about your role in current/previous project? (If you have one)
6. Explain your functional experience prior to SAP?
7. Can you explain the modern technologies in SAP? Do you use this in your current project?
8. Explain the terms "AS IS" and "FIT GAP ANALYSIS"?
Business blue print stage is called AS-IS process. Fit gap means, before implementing the SAP all the business data is in the form of documents, we cannot keep this data as is in the SAP. There should be a gap. So by filling this gap, we make configuration with the help of these documents. This is called as fit gap analysis. In this stage, we should analysis the gap between as is and is as process.
9. What are the responsibilities of "CORE TEAM" and "FUNCTIONAL TEAM" in an implementation?
Core Team are the power users who are selected for the SAP implementation. The Functional Team gather the initial implementation requirement from these core team users who will be the bridge between the SAP Functional Team and their department users with the expert work knowledge.
Aug 28, 2008
Aug 12, 2008
Idoc - basics
SAP IDOC
Basically an IDOC is formed of segments, and comprises of IDOC Type and IDOC Data. IDOC types defines the structure and format of the data being exchanged.
Typically an IDOC will have the following
• Control Record
• Data Records
• Status Records
Control Record:
Will have all the following.
• IDOC number
• IDOC TYPE
• Sender and Receiver Information
• Message Type
Please note that there is only one control record per IDOC and the structure of IDOC control record is the same for all IDOCs.
Data Record:
This basically contains the data, the header data and the line item data for a particular IDOC for example Sales Order or Purchase Order. These are multiple records.
Status Record:
This represents the different status the IDOC goes through. And a status record will have multiple statuses. A status code, Date and Time are assigned.
Basically an IDOC is formed of segments, and comprises of IDOC Type and IDOC Data. IDOC types defines the structure and format of the data being exchanged.
Typically an IDOC will have the following
• Control Record
• Data Records
• Status Records
Control Record:
Will have all the following.
• IDOC number
• IDOC TYPE
• Sender and Receiver Information
• Message Type
Please note that there is only one control record per IDOC and the structure of IDOC control record is the same for all IDOCs.
Data Record:
This basically contains the data, the header data and the line item data for a particular IDOC for example Sales Order or Purchase Order. These are multiple records.
Status Record:
This represents the different status the IDOC goes through. And a status record will have multiple statuses. A status code, Date and Time are assigned.
Aug 11, 2008
Modularization FAQ
1. Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure?
Yes.
2. What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.
· Source code module.
· Subroutines.
· Functions.
4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
· By defining Macros.
· By creating include programs in the library.
5. M is the attribute type of the module program.
6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?
No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function modules.
7. What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
8. What are the types of Subroutines?
· Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
· External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).
False.
10. A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)
False.
11. Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.
12. What are the different types of parameters?
Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
13. How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
· Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
· Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
14. What are the different methods of passing data?
· Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.
· Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
· Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
15. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished when passed to a subroutine?
Itab [] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.
17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why?
Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from the table.
18. A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)
True.
19. A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.
20. Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).
True.
21. What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
22. What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
23. What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?
During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to changes to the original data objects.
24. A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an ABAP/4 program. (T/F).
True.
25. What is an update task?
It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database.
26. What happens if a function module runs in an update task?
The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT WORK’ command.
27. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)
True.
28. What is the use of the RAISING exception?
The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or leave the exception to the system.
29. What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
· The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
· You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
· In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
· Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.
30.It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F).
False.
31. What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?
The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.
33. Can a filed occur in several field groups.
Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
34. When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.
35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?
It defines the fields of a field group.
36.What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
37. A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).
False.
38. While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface (T/F)
False.
39. The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)
False. It causes runtime errors.
40. The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.
41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).
False.
42. While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.
43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort statements. (T/F)
FALSE.
Yes.
2. What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.
· Source code module.
· Subroutines.
· Functions.
4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
· By defining Macros.
· By creating include programs in the library.
5. M is the attribute type of the module program.
6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?
No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function modules.
7. What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
8. What are the types of Subroutines?
· Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
· External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).
False.
10. A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)
False.
11. Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.
12. What are the different types of parameters?
Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
13. How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
· Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
· Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
14. What are the different methods of passing data?
· Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.
· Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
· Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
15. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished when passed to a subroutine?
Itab [] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.
17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why?
Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from the table.
18. A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)
True.
19. A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.
20. Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).
True.
21. What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
22. What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
23. What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?
During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to changes to the original data objects.
24. A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an ABAP/4 program. (T/F).
True.
25. What is an update task?
It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database.
26. What happens if a function module runs in an update task?
The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT WORK’ command.
27. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)
True.
28. What is the use of the RAISING exception?
The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or leave the exception to the system.
29. What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
· The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
· You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
· In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
· Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.
30.It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F).
False.
31. What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?
The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.
33. Can a filed occur in several field groups.
Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
34. When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.
35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?
It defines the fields of a field group.
36.What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
37. A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).
False.
38. While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface (T/F)
False.
39. The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)
False. It causes runtime errors.
40. The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.
41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).
False.
42. While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.
43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort statements. (T/F)
FALSE.
BDC Faq..
1. What is full form of BDC Session?
Batch Data Communication Session.
2. What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
3. How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM à STATUS command from any menu.
4. How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name ‘BDC_OKCODE’ and field value of ‘/11’.
5. What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a field value of ‘/11’.
6. What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
7. How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).
8. Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of database field from screen.
Fval CHAR (80) Value to submit to field.
9. Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by SAP.
10. Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11. What is the syntax for ‘CALL TRANSACTION’?
CALL TRANSACTION trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
A - Show all screens.
E - Show only screens with errors.
N - Show no screens.
Batch Data Communication Session.
2. What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
3. How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM à STATUS command from any menu.
4. How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name ‘BDC_OKCODE’ and field value of ‘/11’.
5. What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a field value of ‘/11’.
6. What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data into it.
7. How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).
8. Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of database field from screen.
Fval CHAR (80) Value to submit to field.
9. Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by SAP.
10. Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11. What is the syntax for ‘CALL TRANSACTION’?
CALL TRANSACTION trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
A - Show all screens.
E - Show only screens with errors.
N - Show no screens.
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